Abstract
Background: This study tested an in vivo model designed to evaluate the potential of HDI of chloroquine and aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera to overcome multi-drug resistant Plasmodium yoeli yoeli infection in albino mice.
Methods: Using Rane’s test, 40 male albino mice were randomized into 10 groups of four mice each. Nine groups inoculated with multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium yoeli yoeli were treated with water, 150 mg/kg of Moleifera oleifera aqueous leaf extract, 10mg/kg chloroquine (CQ), CQ co-administered with same leaf extract at intervals of 60, 30 and 0 minutes and artemeter lumefantrin at a dose of 1.14/6.85 mg/kg, while an uninfected tenth group was treated with water. All treatment commenced from day 3 and continued to day 5. Antimalarial activity was determined from thin tail blood smear on day 3 just before treatment and on day 5, 6 and 9. In addition to the parasitaemia chemosuppression, changes in plasma lipid parameters, liver marker enzymes and kidney function parameters were determined from blood collected by ocular puncture using standard methods. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves was done using standard methods.
Results: Time dependent significant increase (p<0.05) in percentage chemosuppession in all treated groups were observed with total parasite clearance comparable to ACT treatment observed on day 9 for the group treated with extracts 30 minutes after CQ administration. Blood analysis revealed that the HDI of this additive interaction was not associated with any significant changes in lipid, kidney and liver parameters when compared to the ACT treated control. Conclusion: The finding of this study suggests that Co-administration of aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera with CQ has potentials for antagonistic drug-drug interactions.
Keywords: Moringa oleifera; HDI; Plasmodium yoeli; antiplasmodial activity; CYP-450.
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